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Monday, May 5, 2008

URINARY INFECTION

Bacterial infections of the urinary tract are extremely common. Some are also notoriously resistant to treatment and thus likely to reoccur. Yet the majority of persons with urinary tract infections are unaware of it. On other occasions, infections take the form of an acute disease usually with characteristic symptoms. The commonest symptoms are pain on urination, urinary frequency, and a strong urge to void. More serious infections may produce fever, pain in the bladder region, or over the kidneys.
Many different causes can produce infection. The commonest of these come from the group of gram negative bacteria (such as E. coli) inhabiting the digestive tract. Cultures of the urine can usually pinpoint the exact offender. Most of the time these coliform bacteria gain access to the bladder through the urethra. Under normal circumstances the urine in the bladder is sterile and large numbers of bacteria can be cleared rapidly in both humans and animals. Slight physiologic alterations, however, may permit survival of as few as ten microorganisms, which multiply rapidly, then persist for prolonged periods. Some associated conditions that may contribute to the formation of urinary infections are as follows: One to four percent of females from childhood to the childbearing age may harbor bacteria in the bladder or urethra, sometimes without the presence of symptoms. In men urinary infections are quite rare below the age 50. Four to eight percent of pregnant women may have infections, some of them without symptoms. Diabetes is another contributing factor, particularly when sugar is present in the urine.
Any impediment to the free flow of urine—tumor, stricture, or stones— results in distention of the kidney and greatly increased frequency of urinary infection.
In fact, the reflux of urine in the bladder cavity up to the ureter occurring during voiding will contribute to more infections, particularly children. Infection of the lower urinary passages is sometimes initiated by bacteria carried on catheters or other instruments passed into the urethra and bladder. Sterile technique in catheter insertion can help to reduce this risk. Kidney diseases with resulting high blood pressure may also contribute at times to the lowered defense against infection. Once the diagnosis has been established, treatment can be begun at home.
The fluid intake should be increased, usually with water as well as Vitamin C or cranberry juice to render the urine more acid. A special protein found in cranberries and blueberries can combat most urinary tract infection by causing the causative germs to lose their grip on the bladder wall. Thus, the infective organisms become more amenable to bladder rinse-out with normal urination.
One glass of liquid per hour up to 12-16 cups per day is recommended. In at least half such cases, the urinary infection will clear itself, with symptoms subsiding over 24-48 hours. Increasing blood flow to the urinary organs, these hydrotherapy treatments aid the body in natural resistance to infection and the clearing of disease. Persistence of symptoms or the underlying presence of diabetes, high blood pressure, or chronic kidney disease should be evaluated with appropriate urine tests, cultures, and medical counsel.